The Shmiras Shabbos Kehilchasa cites poskim who contend that one may not wear a garment with spare buttons sewn on it in a reshus horabim on Shabbos. Inasmuch as the buttons do not serve as an accessory to the garment and are important in their own right for use as a replacement if and when needed, they do not become secondary and insignificant to the garment even when attached. Therefore, one would be prohibited to wear the garment due to the melacha of hotza’ah, carrying.
However, many of the foremost poskim, including Rav Moshe Feinstein and Rav Shloma Zalman Auerbach, permit wearing a garment with spare buttons sewn on it, even in a reshus horabim, because since it is common practice for tailors of fine garments to add spare buttons, the extra buttons are considered part of the garment even though it has no use at this time.
{See Shulchan Aruch 301:39, Shmiras Shabbos Kehilchasa 18:30:131, Choveres L’Torah V’Horoah 1:8, S’U Machazeh Eliyahu, Sefer 39 Melochos.}
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